孕前及孕期体重与产科并发症及妊娠结局的关系

宋爱英

（陕西省延安市安塞县医院，陕西 延安，717400）

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摘要：

目的 探讨孕前与孕期体重对产科并发症和妊娠结局的影响。方法 对我院收治的600例产妇的临床资料进行回顾性分析，根据孕前体重指数分为四组，各150例。A组为消瘦组，B 组为正常组，C组为超重组，D组为肥胖组。根据孕期体重增长情况分为I组（增长15 kg，n=170）、II组（增长15~20 kg，n=240）、III组（增长>20 kg，n=190）。比较各组之间产后并发症发生率和妊娠结局。结果 C、D组产妇并发症发生率显著高于A组和B组（P<0.05），而A组B组之间、C 组D组之间并发症发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。I、II 组难产、剖腹产发生率比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；II、III 组妊娠期高血 压、产程阻滞、巨大儿发生率比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；I、III组妊娠期高血压、产程阻滞、巨大儿、难产、剖腹产及胎儿窘迫发生率比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 孕前及孕期体重增加均可以增加妊娠期并发症的发生，同时会增高不良妊娠结局的发生率，而控制孕期体重可以保障母婴的安全，改善产妇的妊娠结局。

关键词：孕前孕期体重；并发症；妊娠结局

中图分类号：R714.25文献标志码：A文章编号：2096-1413(2017)23-0124-02

Maternal weight before and during pregnancy and its relationship with obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes
SONG Ai-ying
(Ansai County Hospital, Yan``an 717400, China)

ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the maternal weight before and during pregnancy and its relationship with obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes. Methods The clinical data of 600 maternal were retrospectively analyzed. All the maternal were divide into four groups according to different BMI, with 150 cases in each group. Group A was the weight loss group, group B was normal group, group C was overweight group, and group D was obese group. According to the weight gain during pregnancy, the maternals were divided into group I (growth <15 kg, n=170), group II (growth 15-20 kg, n=240) and group III (growth >20 kg, n=190). The incidence of complications and pregnancy outcomes among the groups were compared. Results The incidence rate of complications in the group C and group D were significantly higher than those in group A and B (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between group A and group B, and no significant difference between group C and group D (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence rate of difficult labour and cesarean section between group I and group II (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence rate of pregnancy induced hypertension, labor block and macrosomia between group II and group III (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence rates of pregnancy induced hypertension, labor block, macrosomia, difficult labour, cesarean section and fetal distress between group I and group III (P<0.05). Conclusion Maternal weight gain before and during pregnancy can increase the incidence of complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The control of pregnancy weight can protect the safety of mothers and babies and improve the maternal pregnancy outcome.
KEYWORDS: weight gain before and during pregnancy; complications; pregnancy outcome

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