泌尿系统感染病原菌检验及常见菌耐药性分析

王茂

（榆林市第一医院检验科，陕西 榆林，718000）

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摘要：

目的 检验分析泌尿系统感染的病原菌分布及其耐药情况，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 对本院2013年6月至2015年12月收治的986例泌尿感染患者的尿样进行细菌培养与药敏试验。统计分析革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌和真菌中各致病菌群的占比，确定主要病原菌并分析其耐药性。结果 986患者中有795例（80.63%）患者革兰阴性菌感染，149例（15.11%）患者革兰阳性菌感染，42例（4.26%）患者真菌感染。常见的革兰阴性菌对头孢吡肟、头孢曲松、氨曲南、氨方磺胺甲恶唑、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和四环素均表现出较高的耐药性。常见的革兰阳性菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌与屎肠球菌对青霉素和氨苄西林表现出较高的耐药性；屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对四环素、红霉素与克林霉素表现出较高的耐药性。结论 在临床上治疗泌尿系统感染时，医务人员应依据细菌培养与药敏试验结果合理选择抗菌药物，以防抗生素滥用。

关键词：泌尿系统感染；病原菌；耐药性

中图分类号：R446.5文献标志码：A文章编号：2096-1413(2017)26-0110-02

Analysis of pathogens of urinary system infection and common bacteria resistance
WANG Mao
(Department of Laboratory, the First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 718000, China)

ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with urinary system infection, to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods From June 2013 to December 2015, bacterial culture and susceptibility test were conducted in 986 cases of urinary samples in patients with urinary system infection, and the proportion of the pathogens in Gram -negative bacteria, Gram -positive bacteria and fungi were statistically analyzed, to identify the major pathogens and analyze the drug resistance. Results Of the 986 cases of urinary sample, there were 795 cases (98.6%) of Gram-negative bacterial infections, 149 cases (15.11%) of Gram-positive bacterial infections, and 42 cases (4.26%) of fungal infections. Common Gram-negative bacteria showed high drug resistance to cefepime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, compound sulfamethoxa-zole, ciprofloxacin, levo ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecium of common Gram-positive bacteria showed high drug resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecalis all showed high resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusion In the clinical treatment of urinary tract infection, medical staff should reasonably choose the drugs to prevent antibiotics abuse based on the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test.
KEYWORDS: urinary system infection; pathogenic bacteria; drug resistance

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