艾滋病检测中检验科医护人员的自我防护策略分析

张彩虹，陈燕妮，翟飞飞

（榆林市疾病预防控制中心，陕西 榆林 719000）

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摘要：

目的 分析艾滋病（HIV）检测中检验科医护人员的自我防护策略。方法 选取我市某医院检验科30名医护人员作为研究对象，采用自制艾滋病检测自我防护测量问卷予以现场调查，对在艾滋病检测过程中自我保护方面存在的问题进行分析总结，并制定实施相应的自我防护策略。结果 调查结果显示，30名检验科医护人员中，HIV暴露者7例，共计42次，常见暴露途径为切割伤口与针刺，常见暴露部位为面部及眼部。分析检验科医护人员的自我防护措施发现，大多数检验科医护人员 对于HIV 职业暴露预防知识与发生暴露状况之后的应对措施等多方面的知识十分了解，但仍有少数检验科医护人员缺乏了解，且未引起充分重视。结论 艾滋病检测过程中，HIV暴露发生率的高低与检验科医护人员的防护意识和行为有关。防护意识越高，防护行为越合理，HIV暴露发生率则越低，应根据艾滋病检测中检验科医护人员的实际工作情况，制定并实施相应的自我防护策略，以降低HIV职业暴露发生率。

关键词：艾滋病；检验科；医护人员；自我防护

中图分类号：R512.91 文献标志码：A文章编号：2096-1413(2017)28-0093-02

Analysis of self-protection strategies of medical staff in clinical laboratory during HIV/AIDS detection
ZHANG Cai-hong, CHEN Yan-ni, ZHAI Fei-fei
(Yulin Disease Control and Prevention Center, Yulin 719000, China)

ABSTRACT: Objective To analyze the self -protection strategies of medical staff in clinical laboratory in AIDS (HIV) detection. Methods Thirty medical staff of a hospital in our city were selected as the research objects. The self -made questionnaire was used to investigate the self-protection of those medical staff during HIV testing. The problems of self-protection during HIV detection were analyzed and summarized, and the corresponding self -protection strategies were formulated and implemented. Results The investigation results showed that there were 42 times in 7 cases exposured to HIV. The common ways of exposure were cutting wounds and acupuncture, the common parts of exposure were faces and eyes. The analysis result of the self-protective measures of medical staff showed that most medical staff in the department of laboratory understood the knowledge of HIV occupation exposure well and known how to deal with the situation after exposure. There was still a lack of understanding of the knowledge between a few of laboratory staff, who didn``t pay enough attention. Conclusion In the AIDS detection process, there are some correlations between HIV exposure rate and awareness and behavior of laboratory medical personnel protection. The higher the awareness of protection and the more reasonable protection behavior, the lower HIV exposure rate. Self-protective strategies should be formulated and implemented according to the actual work of laboratory staff to reduce the incidence of HIV occupation exposure.
KEYWORDS: AIDS; department of laboratory; medical staff; self-protection

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